Do Deer Eat Poison Ivy: 49 Shocking Facts

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49 Shocking Facts About Do Deer Eat Poison Ivy | What Animals Eat Poison Oak

• Contact with an oil found in all parts of the poison ivy plant can cause an itchy rash. But you don’t always have to touch the plant to contact the oil and develop the allergic reaction. The oil can stick to garden tools, boots and clothing, and dog or cat fur. It is also carried in the smoke of burning poison ivy. - Source: Internet
• The fall brings shorter days and cooler nights. Plants and trees of all varieties begin to change color, and poison ivy is no exception. The brilliant green leaves may be sharp, pointed or rounded, but in the fall they will change to yellow, red, orange and everything in between. The plant is gorgeous in the fall but just as poisonous as in any other season. - Source: Internet
• When it grows as a woody shrub, it can reach lengths of 6 feet; when it grows as a vine, it can reach 60 to 150 feet tall and climb high on trees, walls, and fences or trail along the ground. Birds, reptiles, deer, and amphibians can eat the plant and its berries and also use the plant as shelter. A variety of insects feed on the flowers of poison ivy too – from beetles to flies, bees, wasps, ants, and butterflies. Due to its wildlife benefits, it can be left alone in areas with low human activity. - Source: Internet
• The real mainstay food item of deer is browse. Browse plants can be shrubs or young trees within reach of deer. Browse plants will always be available in one form or another, no matter what the weather conditions. Even though browse plants can lose their leaves during drought or cold weather, their stems and twigs remain reasonably nutritious; unlike weeds that simply disappear. - Source: Internet
• In other cases, this is related to the anatomy of the animal. Many animals can eat plants that contain neurotoxins because they have slightly different nerve receptors. For example, many squirrels eat mushrooms that are very poisonous to us. - Source: Internet
• If you know you will be in contact with poison ivy, it’s best to take the proper precautions. You will want to wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts. Wear gloves and cover any exposed skin. Ivy blocking creams like Bentoquatam are a big help and can keep your exposure to the toxic urushiol oil to a minimum. - Source: Internet
• Whitetails, on the other hand, are classified as Concentrate Selectors. From above, the head of a whitetail is sharply pointed to permit reaching into plants and selecting specific plant parts. Their tongue is long and slender, allowing them to extract succulent stems and leaves. A whitetail rumen holds about 2 gallons (4% of cow’s rumen), and deer must replenish its contents every 3-4 hours in order to maintain a much less diverse and more specialized rumen flora and fauna. - Source: Internet
• Tolerance to plant toxins varies between different animal species. Mule deer are more tolerant of locoweed than pronghorn antelope, and elk are more tolerant of ponderosa pine than bison. Charles Robbins, professor of Zoology and Natural Resource Sciences at Washington State University, said in some cases, this is because of the chemistry of the gut. - Source: Internet
• “The rumen certainly helps, in that bacteria are able to detoxify some of those toxins,” Robbins wrote in an e-mail. “For example, some plants have cyanogenic glycosides that can release hydrogen cyanide. Adapted bacteria can take the nitrogen in the cyanide and convert it to amino acids.” The deer then benefit from both the amino acids and from digesting the bacteria themselves as they flow into the other two digesting stomachs. - Source: Internet
• Be careful removing your clothing; it may have poison ivy on it and can still cause a rash. It is also a good idea to take a hot shower; soap and warm water can remove the oil from your skin. If soap and water are not available, rubbing alcohol also works. Some folks swear by yellow bars of laundry soap for its drying qualities. - Source: Internet
• When the poison ivy rash starts it will itch, try a hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion for some relief. Oatmeal baths will help to dry up the rash when it’s oozing. If you notice a rash on your face or groin, become short of breath or have difficulty swallowing, you should seek immediate medical attention. If the rash has escalated to covering a large part of your body or the infected area is swelling, you should see a doctor. - Source: Internet
• It’s not a myth — poison ivy causes a lot of pain in a lot of people. But it doesn’t mean to harm you. The substance you are trying to avoid in poison ivy is called urushiol. This oily substance is located in all parts of the poison ivy plant. After millions of years of evolution, the plant developed this oil to fight infections and heal the plant when insects damaged it. - Source: Internet
• As bad as poison ivy is to us, there have been some who believe poison ivy could have healing properties. A couple of hundred years ago, a scientist was just learning about the poison ivy plant, and to prove it couldn’t be that bad he vigorously rubbed some of the leaves over his hands. He was proved wrong — the reaction was quite miserable for him. However, there was a surprise. When the painful rash and blisters finally went away, he noticed that so did an infection he’d had on his hand for a long time. - Source: Internet
• Hanley, a scientist with the Forest Service’s Pacific Northwest Research Station in Juneau, said deer thrive on a mixed diet. These browsers eat the leaves and stems of woody plants and shrubs, as well as forbs – perennial and annual green forest plants. Unlike grazers such as cattle, sheep and bison, they very rarely eat grass. - Source: Internet
• Insects, Diseases, or Other Plant Problems: Poison ivy, is the ultimate weed that no one wants. As the saying goes, “Leaflets three, let it be.”Do not touch any part of a poison ivy plant. All parts of the plant contain volatile oils that can cause significant skin irritation on direct or indirect contact. Do not burn plant materials because contact with smoke from the burning materials can be just as toxic as touching the plants, and breathing that smoke can be even more hazardous. - Source: Internet
• Animals such as deer, moose and cows have symbiotic bacteria in their rumen-reticulum (the first two of their four multiple stomachs) that help them break down and digest the vegetation they eat. When moose switch from eating green plants in the summer to twigs and woody browse in the winter, the microbes in their digestive tract adjust, and the microbes better suited to the winter diet become much more prominent. In a similar way, microbial adaptations in the gut can be induced by consumption of small quantities of plant toxins, which can provide an opportunity for the animal’s system to adapt to the toxin. This explains why different individuals within a species may have better tolerances for some foods. - Source: Internet
• The popular belief that the poison was produced to keep animals away from it is not true. As a matter of fact, animals do not stay away from poison ivy at all. Animals such as deer, raccoon, turkeys, rabbits and many types of birds find poison ivy plants to be delicious. And when they do not eat the plants, frogs, salamanders, chipmunks, turtles, cardinals, squirrels and many insects use poison ivy bushes as shelters. None of the mentioned animals has any reaction to poison ivy. - Source: Internet
• Deer browse for nutritious foods. The diversity of plants growing in the park provide excellent food sources. When favored foods disappear, deer switch to more common, less nutritious plants. If nothing else is available, they will eat poison ivy or rhododendron. Acorns and nuts are important fall foods. - Source: Internet
• Poison ivy leaves are compound leaflets in groups of three, a trait that can reliably distinguish it from a number of similar native vines. The middle leaflet is longer than the outer two. It’s hard to describe poison ivy leaflets because their shape and size vary from smooth, rounded edges to serrated edges to shallowly lobed edges, but its leaflets are always in groups of three. Poison ivy leaves are shiny, bright green, and turn an attractive red or reddish yellow in the fall. The bark is dark gray and densely covered in aerial roots. - Source: Internet
• It is believed that urushiol is the poison ivy plant’s physical armor against the many kinds of insects that feed on it, quickly sealing the wounds with a tarry plug. question@nytimes.com - Source: Internet
• Deer target skunk cabbage when it first emerges in the spring, eating the yellow flower spike and the green leaves. It contains poisonous compounds, but it’s also rich in protein, critical to hungry deer after the lean pickings of winter. Throughout the summer, they’ll eat the leaves, leaving just the center stem. Geese are also known to eat the leaves, and bears dig and eat the roots. - Source: Internet
• It makes common sense to know what poison ivy looks like before going out, but many experienced adventurers still come home every year with poison ivy. Many have heard the old saying “leaves of three, let it be,” but they don’t know what the plant looks like when winter rolls around. Even if you spend the whole weekend camping in the rain you can still come home with a nasty case of poison ivy. - Source: Internet
• People that enjoy the outdoors prefer to get off the couch and get outside. Regardless of how you enjoy Mother Nature, everyone should have a few skills before they venture off the beaten path. For example, knowing how to identify poison ivy or what poisonous wild berries look like can prevent a nasty rash or trip to the doctor. There is nothing worse than taking the family on a hiking trip and coming home with poison ivy. - Source: Internet
• So, even though poison ivy does not mean to cause you pain and suffering, it does. Once the rash starts, it is too late to prevent it because the oil already has soaked in. However, the urushiol oil seeps into your skin slowly. - Source: Internet
• From a safe distance, though, there’s a lot to learn and maybe love about this often misunderstood plant in the park. First, despite the name, it’s not really an ivy: poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is more closely related to the cashew and pistachio family. The three-lobed leaves are one of its most identifiable characteristics, but it also relies on its hairy vines and extensive root system or rhizome to reproduce. And, of course, all parts of the plant contain urushiol, a clear liquid compound in the plant’s sap that causes the characteristic poison ivy rash. - Source: Internet
• To the landowner or deer manager, it is critical to effectively manage deer for maximum productivity and antler quality. One of the most important woodsman skills is to be able to identify and find the plants and foods deer prefer. When I am in the woods I am constantly assessing the availability of prime deer foods, and how much is being utilized by the deer. - Source: Internet
• How many have poison ivy planted in their gardens? Probably nobody. However, poison ivy was not always such a hated plant. When European settlers came to North America, they made quite a business selling new seeds and plants to Europe. - Source: Internet
• Still, while it’s good for local wildlife, more poison ivy means more rashes for people! According to the CDC, when exposed to 50 micrograms of urushiol, an amount that is less than one grain of table salt, 80 to 90 percent of adults will develop a rash. Your best bet in avoiding a rash is to be aware of where poison ivy is and not to touch it, so take precautions like wearing long socks or pants if you’re hiking. If you do come into contact with poison ivy, your first priority should be getting rid of the urushiol oil on your skin, with dish soap and water. Another common native plant in the Wissahickon offers some relief – Jewelweed has orange or yellow flowers, often grows next to poison ivy, and has some healing power over exposure to poison ivy and stinging nettles. - Source: Internet
• How do deer eat poisonous plants without apparent ill affect? Wildlife biologist Tom Hanley has researched deer nutrition and said he’s amazed at what deer eat. And not just plants with chemical defenses. Thorny devil’s club leaves are high on the menu and quite popular with deer in summer. - Source: Internet
• “Deer will eat a little bit of almost everything out there, including a few bites of various toxic plants,” Hanley said. “There seem to be threshold levels for the toxicity of different plants, and as long as deer eat below that threshold, they’re okay.” - Source: Internet
• What’s the upside to this urushiol-spreading plant? Poison ivy is a native plant, meaning it was common in local forests before European colonization. Because it’s been here a while, it is a food source for many local species who aren’t allergic like humans: mammals like chipmunks and deer eat the leaves, and its seeds and berries are a particularly valuable snack for songbirds in late fall and early winter. Unlike English ivy (Hedera helix), a common invasive in the park that chokes off trees with extensive growth, poison ivy also generally sticks to its favorite spots in the forest, edge areas where the tree line breaks and allows sunshine to filter through. - Source: Internet
• Poison ivy is hardy in the heat, too, which means it’s on its way to playing a bigger role in the Wissahickon woods. With hotter summers and more extreme weather due to climate change, in the following decades some of the cold-weather plants in the park will become less common (like eastern hemlocks and sugar maples) and be replaced by plants less familiar to local wildlife from forests to the south. But as the local forest composition shifts, you can still expect to see plenty of native poison ivy to feed hungry animals in the park and keep the ecosystem going. - Source: Internet
• However, the best way to learn browse plants is to obtain a plant identification book with color photographs, then go to your favorite deer woods and just wonder around looking for signs of browsing. You can tell the difference between deer and rabbit browsing by the fact that deer (having no upper front teeth) pinch off leaves and shoots, while rabbits have sharp incisors and leave a characteristic, angled clean cut on the twig. It will not take you long to find the species that tend to be heavily browsed and those that are not. - Source: Internet
• As spring winds down and summer begins, deer shift to browse plants, particularly the 1st choice plants. Mid and late summer sees a shift in what deer eat to 2nd choice browse plants and early fruits, such as grapes and berries. As fall approaches, whitetails must find and consume large quantities of carbohydrate-rich foods such as acorns, chestnuts, apples and pears. Nuts and mushrooms are high in phosphorus, which is needed to replace what is taken from a buck’s flat bones (ribs and skull) for antler mineralization. - Source: Internet
• Acorns, nuts and fruits are generally called mast. They supply high-energy sources during times of thermal stress or rapid body and antler growth. Fruits such as grapes, blackberries, mulberry and plums are used by deer as a high-energy source rich in carbohydrates during antler growth. In fact, digestible energy is the limiting factor for a healthy deer herd. Other soft fruits such as apples and pears provided needed energy in the fall, when deer are storing fat for the winter. - Source: Internet
• Lastly, mushrooms are the most overlooked delicacy for what deer eat. Mushrooms supply the second most important element, Phosphorus, as well as protein. You would be surprised how many pounds of mushrooms per acre are produced naturally, even in drier climates. Locating concentrations of mushrooms can help you hone in on prime feeding areas. - Source: Internet
• In some cases, you can develop a bacterial infection. Bacterial infections require a doctor’s treatment and prescription medicine. Often this is treated with a prescription for a corticosteroid and antibiotic. It is best to see the doctor sooner than later if you notice advanced poison ivy symptoms. - Source: Internet
• The poison ivy plant will always grow leaves of three, but the color phases of the poison ivy plant change with the seasons. Much like the sumac shrub, poison ivy leaves have a green and red coloring during the early spring. The stems will also have a collection of flowering green buds that will slowly grow into tiny white flowers. If you are tired of the long winter and cannot wait to hit the trails, you should be on the watch for this colorful plant. - Source: Internet
• A doe and her fawn rest in the tall, native grasses of Cades Cove. The coat of white-tailed deer fawns is marked with white spots to provide camouflage from predators. Kenneth Fehrenbach photo - Source: Internet
• After exposure to poison ivy, it may be 12 hours before you notice any symptoms. If you know you have come in contact with it, carefully remove your clothes while wearing disposable gloves. Stick your clothes directly in the washer and wash your body with soap and water. An antihistamine like Benadryl can help with your allergic response. - Source: Internet
• Contrary to popular opinion, it is not a “wicked plant”; it is part of the habitat. The chemical in poison ivy that causes us misery, urushiol, does not bother other animals. In fact, deer eat the leaves and many animals eat the small whitish berries that appear in late fall and winter. - Source: Internet
• Research has found that if you can wash any area that might have come in contact with poison ivy within a couple of hours, you will greatly reduce the rash. The key is to scrub hard. The oil will not come off with a gentle soap and water wash. - Source: Internet
• Humans are the only organisms allergic to it, so many animals and fungi eat poison ivy. In fact, poison ivy depends on a variety of pollinators for flower fertilization and also on birds that eat its berries to disperse its seeds. … White-tailed deer eat poison ivy, as do cattle and goats - Source: Internet
• Poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac all have poisonous urushiol oil. When this toxic oil comes in contact with human skin, it can cause an irritating rash. When clothes, garden tools and even pets come in contact with the toxic sap, the residue can remain poisonous for long periods. - Source: Internet
• Remember, the poison ivy uses the urushiol oil to heal itself after becoming injured. And when the oil soaks into human skin, so do the white blood cells coming in to fix you. There have been quite a few studies that show that this substance could be used to treat long-lasting injuries by attracting a greater immune response from your body. - Source: Internet
• Although every study proves that whitetails prefer forbs over all food types, these plants cannot be depended on to be around when deer need them. Forbs generally are more digestible and nutrient-rich. Freezing temperatures and extended dry periods prevent the growth of weeds, so they are an ephemeral food supply at best. - Source: Internet
• Hanley said there’s probably no one plant deer could subsist entirely on. “Even the best stuff, they’d be hard pressed to do as 100 percent of diet. They need a mixed diet.” - Source: Internet
• Poison ivy can grow anywhere, so it’s best to remove it from any sidewalk, overgrown garden or fence that you can. Poison ivy is common everywhere and lives in every state but Alaska and Hawaii. If you are around burning poison ivy, be careful, as breathing the smoke can be quite harmful to your lungs. Yes, even the smoke from burning poison ivy is poisonous. - Source: Internet
• Everything turns green in the summer, and poison ivy is no exception. As the leaves mature, they turn from red to a lush green. If you examine the stems carefully, you will notice small white flowers and berries. Leaf size will vary from small to large, depending on the plant. - Source: Internet

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